How Does Steinbeck Presents Curleys Wife in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How Does Steinbeck Presents Curleys Wife in of Mice and Men Essay Curley’s spouse is a critical character in the novel. John Steinbeck presents her in various manners during the novel and utilizations various strategies to impact the reader’s judgment, for example through her look, as she is a mind boggling character. Altogether Steinbeck clarifies that sustain transforms her into the individual she is in the novel, her temperament is unique. He utilizes language to give us what her identity is as uncovered by shading and light imagery; incoherency of her appearance and the setting; comparison. For most of the book she is named in a negative manner as a deceptive, kittenish character which could be deciphered as a replication of the manner in which human advancement watched the character of ladies in the novel. In some cases, Steinbeck incorporates contemplations reproving Curley’s spouse. He additionally calls attention to a portion of her great characteristics. Because of this, perusers can decipher for themselves if Steinbeck has a favorable opinion of her, or on the off chance that he doesn't care for her. By and by later in the book Steinbeck sends the peruser into considering her to be mind boggling, and feeling thought for Curley’s spouse; uncovering her as a casualty, restless and isolated in a man’s world. Despite the fact that he may go to and fro on Curley’s spouse, at long last, Steinbeck is predominantly censuring her. Steinbeck investigates her as alluring towards man through her excellence and a consideration searcher. In the section the main words that Steinbeck utilizes are that â€Å"Both men looked up,† and through this we are acquainted with Curley’s spouse through her impact on men and not through any idea of herself, which Steinbeck does to give us she is just commendable for the utilization of men. The word looked up shows that she need men to take a gander at her for she is has the magnificence of an entertainer. Not broadened second when Steinbeck overstates â€Å"the square shape of daylight in the entryway route cut off. † Here, Steinbeck utilizes the light emblematically to feature how forcing she is and present the possibility that she is the hindrance to a superior life. The picture of Curley’s spouse throwing a shadow over the bunkhouse alludes to inconvenience to come later in the novel. It before long becomes obvious that Curley’s spouse is an untouchable of the gathering when it states, â€Å"A young lady was remaining there looking in,† henceforth is a similitude for the isolation she detects. It could be keen of the sexual orientation jobs at that point; ladies were just wanted for men’s suggestive wants instead of their organization. One could likewise find it as how moreover to a ‘girl’, (which she unexpectedly is no more), she is looking for attentiveness and requires everyone's eyes to be on her by remaining in seeing the entire world and may be acknowledged as endeavoring to tune in on their discussion †both adolescent plans. Along these lines Steinbeck presents Curley’s Wife in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† as somebody who is very attractive and civility inquirer. Then again, he depicts her as segregated and separated by men as she is rejected for being female, which some of the time lead to viciousness. This is delineated when she is called ‘tart’, ‘jailbait’, and ‘bitch’ by the men on the farm; from now on the farm is an exceptionally antagonistic and misanthropic spot. Curley’s Wife is a pariah and appears to be extremely strange. She is much of the time found in look at for friendship on the farm as her as of late discovered marriage doesn't give her the glow she wants, as she states to Lennie â€Å"I don’t like Curley he aint a pleasant fella,† and because of this she frequently attempts to help out different men despite the fact that she is never permitted as they might suspect a â€Å"ranch aint a bad situation for a young lady. † Carlson additionally conditions of how a â€Å"women ought to be at home where she has a place. † The way that she is barred from a position of physical work is suggestive of how ladies were uncovered during the 1930’s. They were not unsurprising to accomplish work, yet in its place remain at home and raise a family. Curley’ spouse feels uneasy as a result of the isolation she feels and it is clarified she is exasperated with this condition, â€Å"none of them care how I gotta live. † Nonetheless, the peruser is given a side to an obviously lively and once in a while noxious character. In part 5, Steinbeck licenses Curley’s Wife’s character to smooth feelings of dejection, â€Å"I get lonely† and â€Å"I get terrible lonely†. The utilization of redundancy is utilized to offer accentuation to the remoteness and dissatisfaction of not having the option to converse with â€Å"nobody however Curley†, her obstruction which perpetually outsides as she addresses Lennie. Besides, for the time of the scene Steinbeck depicts as such â€Å"And then her words tumbled out in an enthusiasm of correspondence, just as she rushed before her audience could be taken away†. The word â€Å"tumbled† prescribes her wild need to impart to individuals, simultaneously as the articulation â€Å"passion† shows her position and quality expected to interconnect. However, what is transcendently obvious is she is utilized to individuals leaving her when she talks, this creates such thought for her. In this part she is additionally introduced as a moderate and receptive character, as Steinbeck depicts â€Å"she supported him. ‘Don’t you stress any’ [†¦] she drew nearer to him and talked soothingly. † The way that she talked â€Å"soothingly† recommends that she has a benevolent nature, and asked in a maternal way when Lennie required such tenderness. The peruser would then be able to relate this unexpected conduct change and her up and coming, yet the sweetness she ricochets off hazy spots the reader’s sight to botanical it. Right through the novel as like Crooks, Curley’s Wife isn't named. This features her absence of character on the farm and how she is seen as the property of her better half just as the word â€Å"live† demonstrates that she additionally is a living person who needs to satisfy her fantasies and wants however it would be inconceivable for her. Because of her uncertainties, she attempts to battle her forlornness and sequestration by falling back on savagery. Her horrible assaults on Crooks to getting him â€Å"strung up on a tree† and the assaults on Lennie because of his psychological handicap show how depression can change an individual, however obliterate them. The entirety of the feelings Curley’s Wife experiences come because of the depression she feels, and these obviously speak to of what an alarming character she is. Consequently Steinbeck depicts Curley’s spouse as segregated and separate because of her sexual orientation of a female all through the novel. Similarly, toward the finish of the novel, she is introduced as blameless and sanitized from all the difficulty through the portrayal of her appearance. This can be found in section 6 when Steinbeck clarifies â€Å"Curleys spouse lay with a half-covering of yellow roughage. What's more, the unpleasantness and the plannings and the discontent and the throb for consideration were completely gone from her face. She was extremely lovely and basic, and her face was sweet and youthful. Presently her rouged cheeks and her blushed lips caused her to appear to be alive and dozing daintily. The twists, small hotdogs, were spread on the feed behind her head, and her lips were separated. As happens now and then, a second settled and floated and stayed for substantially more than a second. Furthermore, solid halted and development halted for a whole lot in excess of a second. † From this entry, the peruser can recognize the genuine Curley’s spouse and yet feel frustrated about her as her fantasy was unfulfilled. The expression â€Å"meanness ( ) plannings (†¦) discontent (†¦) were completely gone from her face† shows that she is not, at this point awful and risky as all the antagonism evaporated. In particular the expression â€Å"roughed cheeks and blushed lips† passes on that her fantasy is unfulfilled and the redundancy of â€Å"stopped† to stress tranquility and the sentiments of time stopping. Subsequently Steinbeck doesn't present her as a negative character, however at the hour of her passing he shows the peruser the genuine her as it was not her inclination but rather support that made her what she was. Conversely Curley’s Wife from the outset is depicted as a revolting disagreeable lady. Curley’s Wife is depicted by Steinbeck ordinarily as â€Å"roughed lips and wide-divided eyes. Her fingernails were red. † this makes the peruser think about her as he says as much. In any case, regardless of these severe perspectives on her, the peruser is given a side to an apparently coquettish and now and then malicious character. The reiteration of the shading â€Å"red† signifies the way that she is hazardous and cause parcel of difficulty as the shading red is every now and again related to blood and murder which portends the scenes later on in the novel. An elective translation could be that red is additionally speak to as the shade of adoration and she is needing to be love, yet numerous perusers would interface it to her entertainer character as most on-screen character love to dress a ton. Not all that long, Steinbeck portrays her hair as â€Å"her hair hung in minimal moved bunches, as sausages,† and this comparison stuns the peruser in light of the fact that wieners are loathed and soiled, so connecting it to her implies that she is additionally despised. Besides as frankfurters don't coordinate with hair, a similar way she isn't appropriate for a spot like the farm. Along these lines Steinbeck depicts Curley’s spouse as a lady who is risky and detested by connecting her with words that bolsters the point. John Steinbeck calls attention to numerous defects in Curley’s spouse. For instance, he does this when he composes, â€Å"she inclined toward the door jamb with the goal that her body was tossed forward† (Page 51). In t

Love in Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Love in Marriage - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that marriage is the premise of a nuclear family, and society's focal part is family - along these lines, marriage. On a general term, marriage is the meeting up of two people whose point is a lifetime of association and conceivably, propagation. In the event that this is valid, at that point it is sheltered to state that security is significant for couples to proceed onward with their wedded lives towards the satisfaction of their brought together objectives. While the facts demonstrate that a few couples might be hitched for reasons other than affection, and keeping in mind that it is additionally evident that these kinds of relationships may have worked for a portion of these couples, it despite everything stays genuine that adoration plays a significant and significant job in most of relationships on the planet. These days, it very well may be said that affection is misrepresented seeing someone and underestimated in relationships. This might be the purpose behind a few early relationships or connections, and persistent increment in separate from rates. While nobody says it isn't right to engage with adoration at an early age, while inside a marriage, couples need to perceive it's significance â€Å"till passing do them part.† According to late examinations, while sentimental love is an idea that is broadly acknowledged, not every person thinks about it as a significant factor in marriage. Be that as it may, most investigations show that adoration in marriage helps in balancing out the relationship between the couples. Shockingly, while not every person sees love as important to build up marriage, an enormous level of relationships in social orders depend on sentimental unions.... Nonetheless, it ought to be first underscored that the consideration it needs isn't the one that causes romance book smash hits or blockbuster hits. For one, fruitful relationships appear to be an irregularity (De, 1996, p.703). What number of among associates or family members have fruitful relationships, or have at any rate originated from effective associations? It appears that nearly everyone in this day and age at any rate knows an individual who have originated from a messed up home. Gone were the days when the term â€Å"broken home† causes pulls at the hearts of the individuals who hear. Why? Since it has gotten so normal. It is conceivable that individuals may have been so critical of the idea of affection that the more they know about it's alleged inability to make relationships work, the more they dismiss it. One needs to recall that while love in relationships won't change the irritating things that they state make relationships breakdown gradually, love may help i n making couples center not around what is irritating, however on what is satisfying. And keeping in mind that adoration won't keep either party from getting injured, it will in any event make ready for conceivable absolution (Chapman, 2007, p.29-31). On a legitimate note, since people are naturally needing love, relationships ought to be where the satisfaction of the feeling of having a place and security should originate from. As referenced before, adoration in relationships helps in giving solidness in an association. Along these lines, individuals ought not investigate love in relationships as an only a sentimental thought coming about because of an excessive amount of perusing of wallets or watching sentimental motion pictures. Love in relationships runs further than shallow Hollywood introductions. Love and marriage are two critical components in human culture. Understanding the significance of adoration is settling this center unit

How to Write a Physical Education Essay

How to Write a Physical Education EssayThe next time you're stuck on how to write an essay about physical education, the key is to know what types of topics you can talk about. There are plenty of subjects to talk about. Since it's a subject that is usually taught in middle school, the topic of physical education essays is not going to be something most students think about.If you're new to writing, you might not know what to look for in topic ideas. The reason for this is because the topic is usually a bit overwhelming. A good idea would be to break down the subject and discuss it as if you were sitting with your class in an actual writing class. As long as you are clear on what the topic is supposed to be, you'll be fine.After you have sorted out what topic is appropriate for you, look for information that will help you decide what types of subject matters you should write about. When you know the topic, you'll be able to write about it in a simple manner without having to worry ab out it being boring. This will give you more of a chance to enjoy the process and it will allow you to actually write the essay.First, you'll want to write the body of the essay and then find ways to break down the subject matter. The body of the essay is what is found at the very end of the assignment, which consists of an outline of the main points of the essay. It should give you a brief summary of the subject and include the main points of the topic in a way that's easy to read.The outline should explain what the main points of the essay are and why you believe they are important. It should also address issues like the meaning of fitness, age and size. You will also be given a few questions to ask about the topic so that you can make your case in an easy way.Next, you'll want to write the introduction and conclusion. Both should be short and concise but it's important to keep them brief so that you don't bore your readers or appear to be repetitive. You may want to use some exam ples or stories to add variety to your piece.Finally, you'll want to write the conclusion, which will conclude the entire essay on physical education. It will be easy to follow and will help you connect your thoughts and your arguments. It should be concise as well, so you don't end up with too much material.The key to writing a good essay on physical education is to be clear about what topic you are writing about. Then, find examples and other thoughts to connect to your topic. Remember that you can use many different subjects to help you get your point across.

What is Nitric Oxide - 1170 Words

What Is Nitric Oxide, And How Is It Used To Save Lives? Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical found in our atmosphere, it is colorless, odorless, nonflammable, liquid soluble, and oxidises to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) when mixed with oxygen. Nitrogen dioxide when inhaled is a harsh respiratory irritant that can cause a fatal form of pulmonary edema and tissue hypoxia. NO is produced by combustion of fossil fuels by power plants, released by automobile engines, found in tobacco smoke and made naturally from lightning in thunder storms. NO is found in concentrations between 10 and 500 parts per billion but can exceed 1.5 parts per million in heavily polluted areas. Nitric oxide, know as a harmful gas in the atmosphere has a theraputic effect and is made naturally in the human body. L-Arginine, an amino acid that makes proteins in the body, is the main contributor of nitrogen for the crucial vasodilating molecules. Nitric oxide serves as a powerful vasodilator diffusing readily through various tissues and regulates blood flow in the lungs and in endothelial cells. Nitric oxides positive effects contribute to homeostasis control, vasomotor tone, and neurotransmission. Up until 1989, there were no evidence of NO having any biological functions until, several years of clinical testing evidence was found that Nitric oxide had a major role as a messenger molecule in at least three systems: white blood cells, where Niticmediates tumoricidal and bactericidal effects; blood vessels,Show MoreRelatedAcid Rain From The Scottish Chemist Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesbegins to take place. Acid precipitation begins in the atmosphere since this is where most of the pollutants are being combined to create many of the acids that aid in the acidity of acid rain. Most of the pollutants come from the oxides, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (N2O), which later on aid in the acidity of the rain fall (Funk Wagnalls, 2016). By fully understanding the history and formation of acid rain through inorganic chemistry, scientists can extrapolate the data to help find solutionsRead MoreEmerging Therapies For Sickle Cell Anemia1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe more we un derstand the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia, the more we learn about developing therapies for genetic disorders such as SCA. In this paper, we will briefly discuss what sickle cell anemia is and possible treatments for people with sickle cell anemia such as gene therapy and new drugs. What is sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This missense mutation is characterized by mutant beta globin subunits that tend to stick togetherRead MoreTaking a Look at Acid Rain1462 Words   |  6 Pagesdioxide and nitrogen oxides, combine with water vapour present in the atmosphere. (Morgan, 1999, p. 3) Acid deposition is a broad term which includes any precipitation that has a pH deemed to be acidic. When these pollutants, released from the burning of fossils fuels or the smelting of metal, enter into the atmosphere they combine with moisture before falling down to Earth. (National Geographic, n.d.) A chemical reaction then occurs converting these reactants into sulfuric and nitric acid which in turnRead MoreThe Fuel Burning Of Coal Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"In 2015, the United States generated about 4 trillion kilowatthours of electricity.1 About 67% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum)† (What). This shocked me to hear that statistic. I was aware that the United States does a lot of fossil fuel burning; however, I did not know that we are so reliant on it. The website later said that coal alone is responsible for 33% of the electricity generated in the United States. Coal has always intriguedRead MoreEssay about Pre-Workout Supplements2342 Words   |  10 Pagesused by millions of athletes today, and there have been a lot of questions raised about the long-term effects of them. There are a lot of different brands in this industry, but most of the products contain the same main ingredients: Creatine, nitric oxide, vitamin B, and caffeine. There has been quite a bit of research done on these ingredients individually, but together they have not been studied very much, which is why a lot of athletes avoid them. 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Researchers then set out to find out what was going on with the hormone to produce two effects. Dr. White and others started to study the direct affect of estrogen on the coronary arteries. This research is so important because heart disease is the number one killer. Its medical relevanceRead MoreCopper Cycle Lab Report1517 Words   |  7 Pagesseries of reactions starting with copper metal and nitric acid to form copper (II) nitrate. Then I reacted copper and several other solutions such as, sodium hydroxide, sulfuri c acid, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid to form precipitates. In conclusion my percent recovery of copper was 100% due to the adequate amounts of solutions and achievement of proper chemical reactions. Equipment and Materials: ↠ Copper Metal (penny) ↠ Nitric Acid (HNO3)(aq) ↠ Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)(aq)Read MoreAn Experiment On The Reaction Of Acid And Decanting Has On Copper984 Words   |  4 Pagescopper was changed through eight different reactions. Throughout the process, qualitative observations were recorded to see what effect each type of acid and decanting has on copper. All of these steps were successfully completed by using different acidic solutions and zinc to take copper through the cycle from copper solid to copper nitrate to copper hydroxide, to copper oxide, to copper II sulfate, and back to copper solid. Procedure: CHE 131 Experiment 8, General Chemistry I Lab, 131 Quarter 2014-2015Read MoreThe Problem Of Erectile Dysfunction1165 Words   |  5 Pagesend to get the full details. Name of Product: Rigimax Official Website: www.Rigimax.com Minimum Price: 6 Rigimax Bottles – $43.33/Bottle Overall Rank (out of 100): 96 Points Recommended Period Usage: Wi Money Back Guarantee: 30 Refund Policy What Is Rigimax ? Rigimax is sold as a pharmaceutical grade male performance enhancer. It is stated to be the first and only corpustestrolicTM formulation available in the United States. Rigimax is manufactured and distributed by (Thesis laboratory U

The Truth About Serial and Mass Murders Essay - 1033 Words

A murderer is a murderer. There is no doubt about it, a person like that deserves to be punished for the crime they committed. However, not every killer is the same; there are some who are mass murderers who go on killing rampages for reasons of their own, and then there are the serial killers that love to kill people because it makes them feel some sort of emotion. People often mistake these killers as one and the same, but in reality they are completely different in the ways they are profiled by the police, how they commit their murders and the effect they have on the community and the nation. Granted mass and serial murders are both killers, the police profile them differently. Even though they each have a different style of killing,†¦show more content†¦But the secret behavior, the back stage behavior is something only the victims will see†. Larson shows us just that sort of behavior of Holmes throughout the book. â€Å"He cast himself as a demanding contractor† (Larson 67), this shows his front stage behavior. Then in another part of the story he shows his back stage behavior. â€Å"He could open the door and look in on Anna and give her a big smile, just to let her know this was no accident, then close the door again, slam it, and return to his chair to see what happens next† (Larson 296). Profiling these characteristics is an important way to catch them sooner and end up with fewer victims. Murder sets most people on edge, whether serial or mass. But no matter the reaction they have on the community and the nation, they are two different types of killers. In the book, Larson quotes what the Chicago-Times thinks of Holmes â€Å"He is a prodigy of wickedness, a human demon, a being so unthinkable that no novelist would dare to invent such a character† (Larson 370). R.M and S.T. Holmes state that â€Å"The terror instilled by a serial killer permeates the communities’ consciousness, there is no perceived end to the situation until the killers is apprehended.† They also say that â€Å"people feel a personal vulnerability when a serial killer is at large.†. But a mass murderer makes the community and the nation feel differently than a serial killer does. Larson reportsShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesused in the shooting can often be determined by examining the gunshot wound† (p. 287). This c an be useful to investigators in narrowing down on possible suspects by the type of gun they may possess. Stabbing wounds are also helpful in finding facts about a homicide case. As discussed in class, the way in which a person is stabbed can give a raw profile of who the suspect may be. For instance, if the victim was stabbed a high number of times, this could suggest that it was a crime of passion and theRead MoreThe Murder Of Serial Killers1703 Words   |  7 PagesA grieving mother drapes herself over the casket of her deceased son. The 14 year old had fallen victim to one of the most infamous serial killers in history, Jeffrey Dahmer. Dahmer killed a total of 17 known victims, all between the ages of 14 and 33. In his most recent murders, he often resorted to necrophilia, cannibalism, and permanent preservation of body parts (â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer Biography†). The mother looks at what is left of her son’s face, the face that once smiled to her every morning beforeRead MoreThe Fascination Of Murder, By Scott Bonn Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies, murder cases have captivated the lives of individuals. From news station broadcastings to the media creating films and documentaries, homicide cases have gained the interest and popularity of many individuals. This begs the question as to what lies in the fascination of murder? The basis of this can be found in the psychological state of individuals including, the experience of thrill, curiosity, the need for answers, and fear. When an individual becomes fascinated with murder, they mayRead MoreWhats A Serial Killer?1043 Words   |  5 PagesWhat’s a serial killer? The term serial killer is usually noted as a person who has a particular mental motivation for killing. The murders are usually accomplished in a unique fashion and the killer has a signature that they are often known for. Serial killers are often compared to mass murderers; however, serial killers do not typically follow the mass murderer format where there are no breaks in between the murders. There are many serial killers in the world I chosen one particular case for myRead MoreThe Fascination Of Murder, By Scott Bonn Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFascinated with Murder For centuries, murder cases have captivated the lives of individuals. From news station broadcastings to the media creating films and documentaries, homicide cases have gained the interest and popularity of many. This begs the question as to what lies in the fascination of murder? The basis of this can be found in the psychological state of individuals including the experience of thrill, curiosity, the need for answers, and fear. When one becomes fascinated with murder, they mayRead MoreInsight On A Murderer s Rights And Motives1573 Words   |  7 PagesInsight to a Murderer’s Rights and Motives Murder is an inexcusable kill of a victim. The motives behind each murder or crime are different, depending on the murderer or criminal. They are often said to plead guilty under mental illnesses (genetic or by cause of cultural conditioning, etc.). There are even cases where they plead guilty under the cause of genetic defect and cultural upbringing, or even more ridiculous reasons such as the devil made them do it, or even the cat. However, the questionRead MoreLawyer To Killer. â€Å"We Serial Killers Are Your Sons, We1958 Words   |  8 PagesLawyer to Killer â€Å"We serial killers are your sons, we are you husbands, we are everywhere. And there will be more of your children dead tomorrow.† said Ted Bundy, the mass serial killer whom found his killings as a passion, not a crime. With an unsteady childhood, not knowing the truth behind the secrets, and being obsessed with the media, these motives appear to be the drive behind the mass killings of Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy justifies as a human monster due to his crimes as a serial killer while demonstratingRead MoreSocial Killer Is Denied Parole Again1265 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to 18 U.S. Code  § 1111 - Murder, it states â€Å"Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought (a). Whoever is guilty of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death or by imprisonment for life† (b). Therefore, killing a person is not just about the illegality, but also the judicial punishments by law. There are several types of murder in the Unit ed States, such as: first degree murder, second degree murder, felony murder and aggravating circumstancesRead More Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Studies show that traits of a serial killer can be seen in a person at a very young age. Most warning signs go unnoticed which is why the growth of the killer continues. A thing such as animal cruelty is one of many clues inside the growth of a serial killers mind â€Å"They often start out their careers by maiming, harming, and torturing small animals.† â€Å"In extreme cases, they have been known to spend hours inflicting a slow death on animals...this is a form of control that allows them the power toRead MoreEssay on What Motivates Murdresses to Kill2069 Words   |  9 PagesSerial Killer do not act on impulse. They are extremely organized and meticulously plan well thought out in order for them to commit their vicious crimes time and time again, as well as cover up all evidence for their actions. Serial killers, either male or female, are not born killers, they are made killers. For hundreds of years researchers have tried to understand how serial killers think. Researchers have narrowed down to three reason as to why they do the things they do. The first is socioeconomic

Gettysburg Address Versus Declaration of Independence Essay

Lincoln’s Address Versus Jefferson’s Declaration Two of the most important, and, perhaps the two most important documents in American history are the Declaration of Independence and the Gettysburg Address. The Declaration of Independence, the document of secession written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, called for the complete independence of the states from the British Empire. The Gettysburg Address was a document on the theory of union that stressed the need for one united country and expressed the importance of doing whatever necessary to complete the task of keeping the states united as one. It was written and delivered by Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania at a cemetery dedication for soldiers who had died in the famous Civil†¦show more content†¦The major premise of Jefferson’s argument is his theory of â€Å"natural law,† where he argues, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit o f happiness.† He goes on to state that it is the government’s job to protect these rights of the people and if it fails to do so, â€Å"it is [the people’s] duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.† Having this major, broader premise in his argument is what leads him into his minor premise, which is his attack on King George III. Jefferson accuses the King of preventing the people from exercising the rights that Jefferson previously mentions. He then provides specific examples of how George III and his government did so. With this argument, composed of his major and minor premises, Jefferson goes into his conclusion, the call for secession of the colonies from the British Empire. The organization of the Declaration of Independence helps Jefferson’s argument a great deal. The syllogism provides areas for multiple arguments that can be backed by strong evidence. With it, Jefferson is able to argue his po ints in a clear and easy way with little room for a rebuttal from an opposing argument. Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, on the other hand, is organized quite differently from Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence.Show MoreRelatedEssay America After Abraham Lincoln2259 Words   |  10 Pagesits moral opposition can be seen? In short, no. Lincoln is not a simple personality. By examining official speeches from throughout his time served as President, the official progression from 1861 to 1865 is visible. Lincoln’s 1861 Inaugural Address would, if given in 1865, be almost unrecognizable. Lincoln had greatly changed his rhetoric and war language. Was this change mainly due to a maturation of thought, or instead was this part of a calculated plan developed in order to defeat the rebelliousRead MoreThe Making of a Confederate1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The romanticized version of the Civil War creates a picture of the North versus the South with the North imposing on the South. However, after reading â€Å"The Making of a Confederate† by William L. Barney, one can see that subdivisions existed before the war was declared. The documents analyzed by Barney primarily focus on the experiences of Walter Lenoir, a southern confederate and a member of the planter elite. His experiences tell a vivid story of a passionate and strongly opinioned participantRead More The American civil war: causes and conflicts Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, he reflects back to the start of his presidency, â€Å"All thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it, all sought to avert it. Both parties deprecated war. Nonetheless, the war came.†[1] A civil war is a struggle for power inside a nation.[2] Ironically, the American Civil War was of no such thing. It was not a war over who would govern the United States. The South simply wanted independence from the Union and to come togetherRead MoreLincoln : A Visionary And Ethical Leader Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1865, Abraham stood to deliver his Second Inaugural Address facing a population weary from war, divided by slavery, and in desperate need of a vision. 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Strategic Marketing Management Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthel

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing Management. Answer: There are two kinds of external marketing environments; micro and macro. These environments factors are beyond the control of marketers but they still influence the decisions made when creating a strategic marketing strategy. Micro environment factors include the suppliers, resellers, customers, competition and general public. Macro environment factors include demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, legal, social and cultural forces. The marketing strategies differ depending on the type of individual business and target market. Michael Porter along with his five forces of Competitor Analysis categorized generic market strategies. His strategy revolves around the dimensions of strategic scope and strategic strength. Marketing Mix is also a very famous term in marketing planning process and also known as 4 P's or in some cases 7 P's of marketing (Pulizzi 2014). With an understanding of the business' internal strengths and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats, one can develop a strategy that plays to his/her own strengths and matches them to the emerging opportunities. One can also identify the weaknesses and try to minimize them. The next step is to draw up a detailed marketing plan that sets out the specific actions to put that strategy into practice. This includes the changes taking place in the organizational environment, opportunities and threats and more. Before looking at new markets, it is important to think about how the company can get the most out of your existing customer base - it's usually more economical and quicker than finding new customers (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). When it comes to creating asuccessful marketing strategy, setting clear objectives is essential to the plan's success.Considering the marketing plan or strategy from all angles is necessary when creating your objectives, as there are various distinct types of marketing objectives. There are four main types of marketing objectives: A profitability objective determines the amount of expected income based on the promotional strategy. Market share objective determines how much of the market the company wishes to gain. A promotional objective is the desired level of product or service awareness. Growth objective determines the current business size and how much the company wishes it to grow (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Strategy Formulation begins with an analysis of the forces that shape competition in the industry in which a company is based. The goal is to understand the opportunities and threats confronting the firm and to use this understanding to identify strategies that will enable a company to outperform its rivals. Opportunities arise when a company can take advantage of conditions in its environment to formulate and implement strategies that enable it to perform more profitable. Threats arise when conditions in the external environment endanger the integrity and profitability of the company's business (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick 2012). Components of Marketing Environment There are two types of marketing environment or it can be said that two such components in which a company operates i.e. the external environment and the internal environment. As required in the question, the impact of the external environment changes is explained in detail below: The external environment is the environment that poses a direct influence on the company. Though the components of this environment are not a framed part of the company, but their existence in itself is either a boon or a threat to the company. The components of such environment are customers, suppliers, shareholders, competitors, political environment, social environment, marketing environment, cultural environment in which the company operates. All these components can be divided into micro and macro components depending on the overall affect they have on the company (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). Another such tool that analyzes firms internal resources is VRIO analysis. According to this tool, the resources must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-substitutable. VRIO analysis stands for four questions that ask if a resource is: valuable? rare? costly to imitate? And is a firm organized to capture the value of the resources? A resource or capability that meets all four requirements can bring sustained competitive advantage for the company (Rollins, Anitsal and Anitsal 2014). The Internal Analysis of strengths and weaknesses focuses on internal factors that give an organization certain advantages and disadvantages in meeting the needs of its target market. Strengths refer to core competencies that give the firm an advantage in meeting the needs of its target markets. Any analysis of company strengths should be market oriented/customer focused because strengths are only meaningful when they assist the firm in meeting customer needs. Weaknesses refer to any limitations a company faces in developing or implementing a strategy. Weaknesses should also be examined from a customer perspective because customers often perceive weaknesses that a company cannot see (Pulizzi 2014). Bibliography Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014.Marketing research(Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pulizzi, J., 2014.Epic content marketing: How to tell a different story, break through the clutter, and win more customers by marketing less(p. 5). McGraw-Hill Education. Rollins, B., Anitsal, I. and Anitsal, M.M., 2014. Viral Marketing: techniques and implementation.The Entrepreneurial Executive,19, p.1.

Cults - Jonestown The Terror Within Essays - Apocalypticists

Cults - Jonestown: The Terror Within Jonestown: The Terror Within. Cults have existed throughout history since the beginning of time. A cult is defined in Websters dictionary as a system of religious worship with a devoted attachment to a person, principle, etc. Over the past thirty years numerous religious cults have caused tens of thousands to abandon their families, friends, educations, and careers to follow the teaching of a leader they will never meet(Beck 78). Opinions vary as to why people are drawn to cults. Martin Marty, professor of religious history at the University of Chicago, attributes the growth of cults to the frustrations of seemingly rootless people(U.S. News and World Report 23). Martys classification of a rootless person is a person who is overly frustrated by modern life and is at a loss for direction. Often the rootless individual will short-circuit and try to hook their lives to any guiding spirit (U.S. News and World Report 23). The psychological classification of people who join cults are those who feel neglected by their society. Cults are picking up on these people who feel their interests have been overlooked (U.S. News and World Report 23). The sociological studies on cults and those who join them have found that many of the converts are young people, often without strong family ties, who are unsuccessful in dealing with lifes problems and are seeking instant solutions supplied by others (U.S. News and World Report 23). The Peoples Temple was religious cult founded and lead by Jim Jones, based in Jonestown, Guyana. The converts belonging to Peoples Temple may have joined for various reasons differing from one another, yet the one common bond they all shared was Jim Jones. They loved Jim, they feared Jim, and eventually they died for Jim . Jim Jones was a self-proclaimed messiah in a polyester suit, a man who played God from behind mysterious dark glasses that gave his followers the impression that he was omniscient( Axthelm 54). Born in 1931 in Lynn, Indiana to James Thurmond and Lynetta Jones, he was looked upon by his parents as a gift from Saint Francis. Jims father was white and an active member of the Ku Klux Klan. His mother was part Cherokee which lead Jim in later years to refer to himself with pride as an All-American mongrel The Jones family was financially in the lower class. Jims father fell sick and died early in Jims life leaving Lynetta to raise and support Jim on her own. Hard times and lack of money lead to Lynetta occasionally having to work in a factory twenty miles away from their home. Jim still being a youngster was left in the care of a neighbor. Even though Jim and his mother were separated frequently they still kept close ties with each other. Jim was brought up as a Methodist. He became quickly fascinated with the pulpit oratory. Vera Price, a childhood playmate remembers, Hed always be the preacher, standing up making sermons(Axthelm 54). Even at the young age of seven Vera, recalls Jims speeches encouraging strict discipline. She remembers occasions when Jim was playing with other children and hed hit them with a stick and make them cry. He had a power that most boys dont have(Axthelm 54). As Jim matured into a young adult this internal power he possessed was not fully matured. In high school Jim was in the popular crowd, but never the leader of the pack. Only in retrospect does anyone claim to have spotted seeds of the horror to come. I had a hunch something bad was going to happen to him, says a middle-aged man in Lynn. He was smart as a whip. But he had some strange ideas. He never fit in with the town. He was different(Axthelm 54). Jones graduated from Richmond High School just outside of Lynn, It took him ten years of off and on schooling to receive his Bachelor of Arts degree from Butler University. After graduation he worked for a short time as an orderly at a local hospital where he met his future wife, Marciline Baldwin. Joness strong dedication to the church soon led him to becoming a pastor at a Methodist church in Indianapolis.

President Ford essays

President Ford essays When researching my option on a president who I should evaluate, I decided to choose President Gerald R. Ford. Ford had served as president from 1974 to 1977, after the unprecedented resignation of Nixon on Aug. 9, 1974. President Ford was president when I was brought to this world in 1976, so this gave me all reasons to evaluate his performance as president of the United States. To give you an understanding view of my personal assessment of President Fords performance, I rate base on his personality and his political history. Symbol of the country and the presidency When voting for a president we always look at there character and leadership skills. We see what type of leader He/She is based on, from there past and how they do during their run for presidency. In the case of President Ford, he was only known as the political figure that came into the vice-presidency of President Nixon after Agnews resignation. I at first believed it would be hard to grade a person who came into office by default and by that a person who served under a president who at the time was going to be impeached, and probably prosecution. Through all the writings of past and present I found that I personally would give President Ford a scale of, B. President Ford would become president when all of the people of the United States had lost trust in the leadership of our country. President Ford assured that when he took office that our long national nightmare is over and pledged openness and candor. Well during that time I personally believed that the openness Ford proclaimed took courage and proved to our country the type of leader that was to come. In the excerpt from the essay by James Cannon, said that President Fords character had come from the teaching of President Fords mother Dorothy Gardner Ford. Ford was chosen by his peers in Congress, for his integrity and trustworthiness. Fords forceful lead...

Advertising analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising analysis - Assignment Example Obviously, the message of the advertisement is to attract customers to go to Disneyland for fun and entertainment. The aforementioned advertisement in particular uses an adventurous Disney character named â€Å"Buzz†, to show all the places the whole family can enjoy. Buzz goes from place to place and makes wonderful statements about everything he sees. His closing speech, â€Å"There’s no end in sight†, says it all. The message clearly shows that Disneyland is a place where there is so much to do and the fun stops depending on the customer’s time and budget. Children may be the primary target audience of the ad but it also includes adults as well. With the budget needed for the vacation at Disneyland, the company did not fail to consider the finance managers of the family. Therefore, they included what adults can also enjoy in the place. The ad also implies that adults need to have as much fun as kids do and that they need to unwind in a place such as Disneyland. The creator of the ad is Disneyland evidently because the materials used are all owned by the company. Moreover, who else would be interested to make an advertisement for a company’s product but the company itself. The creator highlights the fun and adventure which families enjoy at Disneyland and speaks to the customers through a fun-loving cartoon character who is loved both by kids and parents. Making a filmed ad is perhaps more effective than still images especially when it is intended for children and the busy parents. This makes the production of the ad quite successful. It does not just attract the viewers’ attention but it also entices them through the sights and sounds. The messages are delivered more easily and accurately through the images and the words of â€Å"Buzz†. The makers of the ad seemed to have considered all the different points of view. From the

Goddesses in world religions and cultures Research Paper

Goddesses in world religions and cultures - Research Paper Example Divinity relates to the existence and our subsequent belief in God, Gods, and/or Goddesses. Various cultures have followed polytheistic and monotheistic ideals of divinity for centuries. Some still survive today and some do not. One such Deity representation which has become a symbol rather than actual worship in the modern world is the Goddess Culture, or Goddess centered worships. Though it has manifested itself in pop culture, mass consumerism, and various outspread ‘occult’ religions, it has powerful roots in practices of old. We know that civilization’s cradle was hunting and agriculture. These two aspects were attributed to male and female counterparts as part of a natural living arrangement. Women and agriculture were equated as being fertile, bringing forth new life and vitality. This gave way to perhaps a self-constructed notion of a female deity which was responsible for vegetative-ness. Though we may not see evidence of it in our current world surroundings, the European Goddess culture of old lasted for thousands of years and has managed to permeate into differing modern day contexts. The eventual suppression of Goddess worship came about as a result of a number of factors. Historians largely believe that the Eastern dominance of Europe had a major impact. They brought biological knowledge of male procreation as well as their own mostly patriarchal values to Europe. This slow evolvement of thought coupled with male brute strength eventually came to replace the concept of the Divine Feminine and render her inferior to men. The situation was intensified when the witch-hunts and witch-burnings of the Middle Ages began to take place all across Europe and America. These were the same women who were considered heretics, pagans, and followers of some unnatural nature religion. But prior to such suppression, somewhere during the pre-Christian era, polytheistic

Relevance of Lead Apron in Medical Imaging Profession

Relevance of Lead Apron in Medical Imaging Profession Introduction Lead aprons are available in the healthcare facilities to provide protection from unnecessary exposure of X-radiation to the patients and workers during radiology procedures usually done for diagnostic purposes. Body is shielded by the protective garment called lead apron from the harmful radiation during the medical imaging. Lead apron is found to be effective in protecting from radiation exposure only when it is worn properly. It is used in a safe and properly inspected environment (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). Protective aprons of 0.25mm lead are worn, while performing fluoroscopy whose body is exposed to 5mR/hr or more. Individuals expected to wear lead aprons or similar radiation protection instruments must inspect these instruments visually for any signs of damage before using them (Lead Apron Policy; California code of regulations, 2012). Principles of Lead Apron Advantages of lead apron It is observed to be effective and appropriate in protecting 95 percent of 80 kVp X-rays. As lead apron causes pain and stress to the back muscles back strain is avoided by wearing a skirt apron around the abdomen. In performing fluoroscopic procedures, wearing lead apron of lead equivalence 0.25mm to 0.5mm is found to decrease scattered X-rays by 95 percent. A thyroid collar is used along with lead apron and it is not required in the case of imaging patients. Every occupation worker exposed to fluoroscopic units higher than 5mrem/hr should wear lead apron. The dose rates that are higher than 5mrem/hr are measured within six feet of the table and it includes the place occupied by fluoroscopist (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). Disadvantages of lead apron Lead apron is not sufficient for protecting 111In or 131I. No shielding is provided for the patients by the lead apron for 137Cs or 131I therapy. In these patients, heavy portable shields are available. Shields are provided for brachytherapy patients in the radiation oncology department. Shields for radioactive iodine therapy patients are provided by health physics department (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). Inventory policy and lead apron inspection According to the joint commission standards, annual inspections have to be performed on the medical equipment by the healthcare organizations. Lead apron inspection and inventory are performed by Stanford hospital Clinics, Lucile Packard Children’s hospital and VA Palo Alto Healthcare system. Some of the recommendations in the apron inspection policy are looking for sagging and deformities or any visible damage, performing annual tactile and visual inspection and holes and cracks are identified by radiography and fluoroscopy. It is important to use manual settings and low technique factors during fluoroscopic examination. It is not recommended to use automatic brightness control as it will drive up the high voltage and tube current, which might result in exposure of unnecessary radiation to the operator and the wear (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). Lead apron is discarded, if the inspection reveals that there is a defect larger than 15 sq. mm on the apron parts shielding an organ or if there is any defect larger than 670 sq. mm along the seam or in the back of the apron and in thyroid shields with defects larger than 11 sq. mm (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). How can the affected technical personnel be protected from the radiation? It is not necessary for the technical personnel to stay closer to the patient in the case of radiography, general computerized tomography and mammography. Staying distant from the patient will prevent the personnel to receive the scattered X-rays from the patient. Structural shielding can also be placed in between the patient and the personnel to avoid the X-rays reaching the personnel. When the personnel are closer to the patient in fluoroscopic examinations as well as in image guided interventions, distance and structural shield will not be able to stop the scattering of the X-rays. In such cases, protective clothing like aprons, spectacles, table- mounted protective curtains, ceiling suspended protective screens and thyroid shields have to be used by the personnel (JL Heron et al., 2010). Based on the lead equivalence and X-ray energy, an apron will terminate 90 percent or more of the incident scattered radiation. The protective aprons are available in various thicknesses and shapes starting from front-only apron to a full coat. The front-only apron will be effective, if the person wearing it is facing the source of the scattered radiation (JL Heron et al., 2010). Radiological workloads differ for various specialities. The concerned protective tools required by a particular department are specified by a radiation protection expert or a medical physicist. The person with high workload in the cardiac laboratory must utilize all the protective tools, while a person in the orthopedic suite might require a front-only apron. If the person is working closer to the patient during imaging and wears an apron, a dosimeter that is fixed under the apron will estimate exposure of rays to the shielded portion and will not properly estimate the exposure of organs and tissues present outside the apron. Two dosimeters fixed inside and outside of the apron will give a good estimate of the effective dose to be used (JL Heron et al., 2010). How far are the lead aprons protective against ionizing radiation? Research studies were done to analyze the qualitative and quantitative aspects of lead aprons with the help of various methods. Eighty five lead aprons were collected from various departments in the hospital and from the district polyclinics where radiation exposure was present. They were collected and brought to the radiology clinic of the hospital to assess their protective nature. Aprons were identified based on the number of years they were used by the personnel, the units from where they have been obtained, number of personnel by whom they were worn, the model, the material by which they are made of and the thickness of lead in the apron (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). X-rays were delivered such that 35X35 cm wide area of the lead apron is exposed to the radiation. There was 110cm distance between tube focus and lead apron. The images on the plates exposed on the back of the apron are transferred to films and these films are later evaluated with the help of scratches, cracks, rips and defects that might be present on the lead aprons (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). As per the standard method, holes greater than 2mm diameter and cracks longer than 4mm were considered as destruction criteria. The aprons exposed with the same criteria were allotted for dosimeter testing by the ratio of ray absorption. The absorption features were assessed using two tests such as scattering X-rays on the apron directly and indirectly. In both direct and indirect methods, same parameters were used for estimating the radiation by fixing the dosimeters in the front as well as at the back of apron. The doses were evaluated and the absorptions were calculated. The base for apron measurements, ten protective aprons with radiation permeability and various lead thicknesses, Turkish standards institution documents approved quality and durability were chosen. Aprons that were not used before were used as controls. The analyzed aprons were measured individually and the results were noted down (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). The results have shown that lead is the material used for radiation protection. Among double-sided lead aprons, skirt-vest lead aprons and frontal protection lead aprons, the frontal protection apron is mostly used. Evaluating the cleanliness of the aprons, 23 were clean and the remaining were either little or too dirty. No significant association was observed between the apron destruction criteria and apron cleaning methods. Evaluating the overall condition of the apron, 45 aprons were in good condition and the remaining was either slightly or extremely worn out (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). Highest radiation permeability was observed in extremely worn out aprons and in aprons that were in decent condition. The apron that was worn out very little is least permeable compared to the extremely worn out and those in good condition. Among 58 aprons, 26 were destroyed due to cracks, 14 due to tears and holes, and 18 due to tears. In all these aprons, radiation permeability was more than normal. No significant relationship was observed between radiation permeability and internal structural features of protective lead aprons or total number of apron users. Destruction criteria were significantly associated with apron models. Frontal protection lead apron model was destroyed most often (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). The exposure dose was analyzed as 996.1 micro grays on average. For 0.25mm lead aprons, the exposure dose was 51.59 micro grays on average. For 0.5mm lead aprons, exposure dose was 9.891 micrograys on average. Among the indirect measurements, scattered radiation value measured at the distance of 50cm was 2.1 R/h. The indirect radiation measured for 0.25mm lead equivalent apron was evaluated as 1.85 micro grays and that for 0.5mm lead apron was evaluated as 1 microgray (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). Some folds and sags were observed on the protective layers of the aprons. Significant radiation permeability difference was not observed between folded aprons and non-folded aprons. The protected dose was measured as 60.20+/-22.96 micro grays for unfolded 0.5mm lead equivalent aprons. The protected dose was 50.36+/- 22.96 micro grays for folded 0.5mm aprons, 50.36+/- 22.96 micro grays for 0.25mm lead equivalent aprons. For folded 0.25mm aprons, the dose was evaluated as 46+/-19.05 micrograys (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). Discussion The aprons that were used for protecting against scattered ionizing radiation are made using lead embedded in rubber fabric, which is the mixture of lead-rubber or lead-vinyl. These aprons possess the thickness of 0.25mm to 0.5mm. They are costly and are of great importance when used and stored properly. It is an expert view that these aprons are not often preserved and taken care of, and they are folded carelessly, which could be reasons for them to lose protective ability. The research study first done in Turkey by Oyar and Kislalioglu in a quality certified hospital with a control standard and the measurements were taken for quantitative and qualitative radiation exposure values from the protective lead aprons (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). It is estimated that 0.5mm thick lead aprons will be able to absorb higher than 90 percent of irradiation at the dose of 150kVp. The similar apron must be able to absorb higher than 99 percent of the irradiation dose at 70kVp (Radiation issue notes, 2008). In some of the studies on absorption ratio of protective aprons, research has revealed that either indirect or direct X-ray absorption ratio of aprons must be measured separately (Christodoulou EG, 2003; Muir S, 2005). Though the actual purpose of lead apron is to protect against indirect X-radiation, in the study done by Oyar and Kislalioglu, the results from direct radiation exposure measurements might be more beneficial in the evaluations due to wider spectrum width. Direct measurements were accepted to provide better results from the evaluations of ray absorption by the lead aprons. If lead aprons are not stored properly, they will lose the protecting quality and radiation protection ability is reduced for that apron gradually. The storage racks for lead aprons are available in various styles and configurations to fulfill the necessities of the medical facility (Universal medical, 2014). Medical professionals interested to wear lead aprons or other radiation protection instruments must have their protective garments checked well for any damages like rips and tears, cracks in the lead lining and sagging lead before their use. Proper lead apron storage will extend the apron life by preventing the lead lining damage and the external fabric damage. Lead aprons have to be hung by the apron hangers instead of folding them. Damages can result even if the apron storage is incorrect. Organizing the aprons properly will make the tracking process and the State or Joint commission inspection easier. Inspection of aprons will improve their organization (Universal medical, 2014). Usually, it is a common practice to place half apron at the back of the patient during the erect chest radiograph to protect the patient from radiation dose from tube leakage and room scatter. Most of the back scatter from the patient is a part of the internal scatter that might affect gonads and other tissues. Half apron will have least effect from patient dose and they make the patients to realize that precautions taken will protect them from unnecessary exposure (Lead garments (Felmlee JP et al., 1991). Use of lead shield is made mandatory for gonadal protection in most of the X-ray departments. If the gonads are present nearer the primary X-ray beam, gonadal shielding is very much necessary. Even if the X-ray field is not near the gonads, gonadal shield is given as the deterrent for the pediatric patients. According to the national recommendations associated with shielding of patients from radiation exposure during imaging, lead aprons were not significantly reducing radiation dose. Dental radiation policies indicate that implementing all the routine precautions will not demand the use of lead aprons on the patient. Later, lead aprons were considered as reducing the radiation dose, from several diagnostic X-ray procedures, to the reproductive organs. Radiation can cause germ cell mutations which might be carried to the next generations. Lead aprons have a precautionary role in reducing the radiation dose (Felmlee JP et al., 1991). The protective clothing worn by the radiographers consists of lead and other metals like tungsten, barium, tin and antimony. The clothing will help in shielding the personnel from radiation. The metals in the radiation protective clothing are equivalently mixed with polyvinyl chloride or synthetic rubber. Sheets of nylon fabric coated with urethane are placed against the side of lead impregnated rubber in between the two and five sheets of metal-impregnated rubber or PVC. These materials are cut as a pattern and sewn to create a protective garment. The manufacturers of these garments alter the sheet number, metal percentage, rubber or PVC grade and the metal mixture affecting the durability, weight, flexibility and radiation absorption efficiency (Felmlee JP et al., 1991). Normally, lead apron is not used for the patients undergoing medical procedures associated with radiation as the area of interest will not be protected. Lead aprons are mostly recommended for those who are exposed to the radiation by being in their occupation. If the apron is worn between the direct X-ray beam and the patient, then 90 percent of the rays are prevented from entering the patient’s body. Therefore, it is not practical for putting apron on the body part that is of interest to the physician (Felmlee JP et al., 1991). As per the standards put forward by the Joint Commission, healthcare organizations have to perform inspections on the medical instrumentation along with the lead aprons. Health department of State also should have a regulation for inspecting the lead aprons. Titanium is used as the shielding material in the titanium aprons. Other materials used in the aprons are barium and bismuth. The shielding properties of the material can be assessed by their mass coefficient and linear attenuation coefficient. Mass attenuation coefficient for the elements is found by physical reference data website of National institute of standards and technology (Felmlee JP et al., 1991). Conclusion As the X-ray imaging is being used continuously all through the world, this technology has created new challenges for occupational protection for the medical staff from radiation. In many of the X-ray procedures, it is necessary for the medical staff to stay closer to the patients, while performing the imaging. Therefore, there is potential for the staff to get exposed to the radiation and it has become extremely important for them to implement certain restrictions to prevent themselves from radiation exposure. Lead aprons decrease the radiation dose to the gonads from various diagnostic X-ray procedures. Radiation can cause mutations in the reproductive cells, which might be transferred to the future generations. Protective clothing worn by the radiographers consists of lead and other metals, like tungsten, barium, tin and antimony. These metals are mixed with polyvinylchloride to create a protective garment. The number of sheets, metal percentage, rubber grade and metal mixture in different ratios will show impact on the flexibility, durability, radiation absorption, weight and efficiency of the protection sheets. Lead aprons are highly effective in absorbing diagnostic X-rays to the body parts shielded by the apron. The effectiveness is energy dependent and averages to about 90 to 95 percent. Irrespective of whether the radiation personnel have worn the lead apron or not, the exposure allowed on the body is ruled by exposure limits. Apart from the lead aprons, mobile shielding is also helpful in protecting the body from radiation. References [1] Christodoulou EG, Goodsitt MM, Larson SC, Darner KL, Satti J, Chan HP. Evaluation of the  transmitted exposure through lead equiv aprons used in a radiology department, including the  contribution from backscatter. Med Phys 2003; 30:1033–1038. [2] Felmlee JP, McGough PF, Morin RL, Classic KL. Hand dose measurements in interventional  radiology. Health Phys 1991; 60(2):265-267. Retrieved from  http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/leadgarmentsfaq.html# [3] John Le Heron, Renato Padovani, Ian Smith, Renate Czarwinski. Radiation Protection of  Medical Staff. European journal of Radiology. 2010; 76:20-23. [4] Kevin Jaquith. 5 reasons why you should use lead apron storage racks. Universal Medical.  2014. Retrieved from http://blog.universalmedicalinc.com/5-reasons-why-you-should-use- lead-apron-storage-racks/ [5] Lead Apron policy. Radiation protection guidance for hospital staff. Prepared for Stanford  hospital and Clinics, Lucile Packard children’s hospital and Veterans affairs Palo Alto Health  care system 2010. [6] Muir S, McLeod R, Dove R. Light-weight lead apronslight on weight, protection or  labelling accuracy? Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2005; 28:128–130. [7] Orhan Oyar, Arzu Kislalioglu. How protective are the lead aprons we use against ionizing  radiation? Diagn Interv Radiol. 2012; 18:147-152. [8] Proper selection, care, quality control and disposal of lead aprons. Radiation issue notes  2008.

Blood Brain Barrier Essay -- Biology

The brain is permeated by a vast network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries- so tiny and thin that blood cells have to pass through in single file. In the brain alone there are enough capillaries that if you laid them all out end to end they would stretch from Tucson to Tijuana. These capillaries are surrounded by a single layer of cells. That layer of cells forms a barrier between the capillaries and the cells and fluid of the brain. These barrier-forming cells are called "endothelial cells". You can think of "endothelial" as a synonym for "lining" or even just "barrier". When we use the phrase Blood Brain Barrier, (which for obvious reasons we'll refer to as BBB from here on out!), we're talking about all of these endothelial ("barrier") cells collectively. Function of the BBB The cell membranes of the BBB contain transport proteins. If the brain is a nightclub, the transport proteins are bouncers. They decide who gets in, and who gets kicked out. On this website we'll be introducing you to the most important transport proteins- OATP, MDR1, and MDR2. Don't let all the acronyms intimidate you- read carefully and you'll be fine. If the nightclub/bouncer analogy doesn't work for you, you could also think of them as little vacuum pumps and blowers. An extremely detailed view of their actual mechanisms is beyond current knowledge. Importance of the BBB Without the BBB, undesirable molecules could freely diffuse from the capillaries to the fluid that surrounds the brain cells. These undesirable molecules include: TOXINS- poisons taken in from the environment. IONS- that might upset the delicate electrochemical gradients of the cerebral fluid. ACIDS and BASES- that might upset the cerebral ... ...aks down the BBB, so the mice infected with GBS lacking this toxin developed less bacterial meningitis than those infected with the normal GBS. -Doran says: Ââ€Å"These findings demonstrate a novel function of the blood-brain barrier, to act as a sentry that detects the threat of a bacterial pathogen and responds by triggering an immune response to clear the infection. 3. Neuwalt- Researches treatment of brain tumors with chemotherapy, hard because of the BBB (natural defense against chemical transport into the brain) introduction of chemicals to the brain by shrinking endothelial cells that make up the BBB with a concentrated sugar solution that creates gaps in the BBB allowing chemicals to enter (called Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Therapy) project tenfold to a hundredfold more successful than normal chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy (Neuwalt, 1998)

Spinal Immobilisation

Spinal Immobilisation: A Literature Review A review of the literature regarding spinal immobilisation has been undertaken using databases for PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, OVID and Cochrane EBM. Reviews were electronically searched using the subject headings â€Å"spinal injuries†, â€Å"spinal immobilisation† and â€Å"management of spinal injuries†. The results generated by the search were limited to English language articles and reviewed for relevance to the topic. The aim of this literature review is to compare and contrast the views on spinal immobilisation and to achieve a better knowledge of evidence based practice.According to Chiles and Cooper (1996) spinal injury should always be suspected in patients with severe systemic trauma, patients with minor trauma who report spinal pain or have sensory or motor symptoms, and patients with an impaired level of consciousness after trauma. According to Caroline (2008) the primary goal of spinal immobilisation is to pre vent further injuries. Good initial and acute management is crucial no matter the degree of damage (Sheerin and Gillick, 2004). The purpose of immobilisation in suspected spinal trauma is to maintain a neutral position and avoid displacement and secondary neurological injury (Vickery, 2001).Means of immobilisation include holding the head in the midline, log rolling the person, the use of backboards and special mattresses, cervical collars, sandbags and straps (Kwan, Bunn & Roberts 2009). The Advanced Life Support Group supports the use of the long spinal board (backboard) for spinal immobilisation, despite knowledge of pressure problems and poor immobilisation in some patient groups. The spinal board was originally developed as an extrication device using its smooth surface to allow a person to be slid out of a vehicle.However, it is difficult to remove the patient from the board in the field and therefore the patient is most commonly transported to the A & E department on the spin al board (Cooke, 1998). There is considerable variation in the best technique for pre-hospital cervical spine immobilisation (Vickery, 2001). Some have advised the use 1 to 1. 5 inches of padding under the head as standard, others have advised that judgement on the use of padding be based on visual inspection (Butman, McSwain & McConnell, 1986). Conversely, several rauma texts recommend placing the patient directly against the spinal board (McSwain, 1989). In the United Kingdom, the vacuum mattress is predominately used by mountain rescue teams as it is believed to provide better overall protection of an injured casualty and is perceived to be safer and easier to transport over the terrain encountered in these situations (Herzenberg, Hensinger and Dederick, 1989). In a recent study by Luscombe and Williams (2002), it was shown that the vacuum mattress prevents significantly more movement in the longitudinal and lateral planes when subjected to a gradual tilt.Perceived comfort levels are significantly better with the vacuum mattress that with the backboard. Chan, Goldburg & Mason (1996) reviewed the use of the long spinal board and its association with pressure injury, unsatisfactory immobilisation and positioning, and the pain that it can cause (Chan, Goldburg & Tascone, 1994). A study by Lovell and Evans (1994) indicated that while a casualty resides on a backboard it may possibly lead to pressure sores in those who have sustained injury to the spinal cord. The amount of time casualties remain on backboards can exacerbate the problems of pain and pressure.Ambulance journeys and waits in accident and emergency may be lengthy and there may be long distances involved in getting to hospital (Lerner & Moscati, 2000). In addition to pressure injury and poor immobilisation, the backboard may be the cause of pain even in otherwise healthy patients, leading to unnecessary investigations, radiographs and potential ambiguity regarding the cause of pain (Chan, Goldburgh & Mason, 1996). The evidence suggests that the backboard itself is not ideal and far from a gold standard.This has led to the suggestion that the backboard should not be the preferred surface for the transfer of patients with spinal injuries (Main & Lovell, 1996). According to Vickery (2001) however, the spinal board is considered to be the gold standard for spinal immobilisation during the pre-hospital phase of trauma management. For some patients, effective spinal immobilisation is beneficial and can also be vital in preventing the devastating effects of cord damage however it has been suggested that for many the excessive use of this preventative measure may not be prudent or necessary.It has been estimated that over 50% of trauma patients with no complaint of neck or back pain were transported with full spinal immobilisation (McHugh & Taylor 1998). Inappropriate spinal immobilisation may lead to patients experiencing unnecessary pain, skin ulceration, aspiration and respiratory compromise, which in turn may lead to further unnecessary procedures, a longer hospital stay which then incurs increasing costs to the National Health Service (Kwan, Bunn & Roberts, 2001).Shooman & Rushambuza (2009) report that immobilisation is a crucial part of the management of a trauma patient. They believe that if the mechanism of injury is uncertain, the patient should remain immobilised until further imaging even if there are no symptoms of spinal instability after log rolling. However, in a recent study by Pandie, Shepherd & Lamont (2010) they concluded that on its own, standard immobilisation techniques appear to be inadequate to maintain the cervical spine in the neutral position.One argument for keeping the patient on a spinal board is that it facilitates an urgent turn should vomiting occur (Vickery 2001). Spinal immobilisation is used throughout the world however the clinical benefits of pre-hospital spinal immobilisation have been put under scrutiny. It has been argued that spinal cord damage is done at the time of impact and that subsequent movement is generally not sufficient to cause further damage (Hauswald, Ong, Tandberg & Omar 1998).In contrast, in-line stabilisation of the neck, also termed ‘neutral alignment’, is usually enhanced by using immobilisation blocks and straps that fix the patient’s head and neck to a spinal board. In-line head and neck immobilisation is important during the transfer period to hospital and remains an important part of the care of the patient (Sheerin, 2005). Butler and Bates (2001), disagree with this and suggest that cervical collars are of no additional benefit to patients already immobilised using a long spine board with straps.In a recent report it was found that many patients brought to A & E automatically had a cervical collar applied ‘as a precaution’. This usually means that the victim has been involved in an accident that could possible cause a cervical injury, although the patient shows no signs or symptoms of such an injury (Sexton, 1999). Immobilisation in suspected spinal trauma must be initiated at the scene of an accident and continued until unstable spinal injuries are ruled out.Adequacy of spinal immobilisation must be reviewed during the primary survey in the A & E department (Vickery, 2001). Once the patient has reached A & E, the spinal board should be removed as soon as possible once the patient is laterally transferred from the ambulance trolley onto an A & E or resuscitation trolley (Vickery, 2001). The early removal of spinal boards and cervical collars is advocated by spinal units (Sexton, 1999). Complications associated with prolonged use of the spinal board include pressure ulcer development, pain and discomfort (Vickery, 2001).Vickery (2001) also suggests a partial solution would be recommended that the backboard should be removed as soon as possible after arrival in the A & E department, ideally after the primary survey and res uscitation phases. Hickey (2003) agrees with this, it is vital that following initial assessment, the patient is removed from the spinal board. Porter and Allison (2003) support this by suggesting that the patient should be then transferred and nursed on an emergency trolley with head immobilisation and straps applied.This in turn should minimise the risk of pressure ulcer formation which is prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury (Sheerin and Gillick, 2004). Vickery (2001) also suggests that where a spinal injury is suspected, prompt and safe removal of the spinal board is mandatory, these are patients that are at the greatest risk of developing pressure sores. Vickery (2001) continues to say that spinal board immobilisation on the board may be inadequate ending with tragic consequences.Observational studies in the US have shown that immobilisation by rigid collars may cause airway difficulties, increased intracranial pressure (Davies, Deakin & Wilson, 1996), increased risk o f aspiration (Butman, 1996), and skin ulceration (Hewitt, 1994). Caroline (2008) also suggests that complete spinal immobilisation is painful, especially over pressure points and can also be a cause of airway constriction which in turn creates an increased risk of aspiration. It has been reported that many trauma patients do not suffer from spinal instability and will not benefit from spinal immobilisation (Orledge, 1998).The value of routine pre-hospital spinal immobilisations are questionable due to any benefits of immobilisation being outweighed by the risks (Kwan, Bunn & Roberts, 2009). Kwan, Bunn & Roberts (2009) have already indicated that inappropriate immobilisation is contributing to the increasing budget of the NHS. Dimond (2001) agrees and claims that litigation claims are increasing against the NHS. Society is becoming less tolerant of mistakes or inadequate service and litigation claims are now becoming an accepted part of daily life (Vukmir, 2004).In contrast, a study in the USA has indicated that due to the fear of litigation, over five million patients receive spinal immobilisation every year (Orledge & Pepe 1998). In this current media inclined era, media attention for high profile claims against the NHS organisations is at a high. Although most of the evidence in literature is regarding claims against hospital specialities, there have been few claims written about claims against the ambulance service (Hulbert, Riddle & Longstaff 1996).However, there may be few documented claims against the ambulance service there have been a significant number of claims settled by ambulance trusts (Vukmir, 2004). In conclusion, there are many different points of views by many authors on the subject of spinal immobilisation. Many argue that the need to immobilise suspected head, neck and spinal trauma is a priority due to the potential life threatening incident. This way of thinking has been supported by many of the authors.Others however have stated that each incident needs to be individualised as the necessity of using spinal immobilisation is increasingly being inappropriately used. Methods of spinal immobilisation are also highly debatable, calling the clinical professional to use their own training and judgements when deciding how to transfer each individual patient. It was highlighted by many authors that it was necessary for patients to be removed from the spinal board as soon as possible when being cared for within the hospital setting as this reduces the possibilities of further trauma and pressure sores.It became quite clear when conducting this research that many health professionals are now very aware of the potential to become a target for the all too common blame culture that is so prevalent in today’s society. The fear of litigation may be the cause for the higher usage of spinal immobilisation although there is limited research at this time but within the next few years we may in fact see a rise in claims against t he Ambulance Service.There is evidence that inappropriate and prolonged use of spinal immobilisation can be very detrimental to the patient’s welfare, there is a vast amount of research to suggest the need to use spinal immobilisation in most head, neck and spinal trauma. Effective and appropriate use of spinal immobilisation is best practice in all situations and should be used wisely and competently by a trained professional.

How Helen Keller Helped to Improve the World of the...

Without doubt, Helen Keller is now a household name in nearly every part of the world (too bad she could never hear it.) Helen Keller faced many childhood and adulthood difficulties, and remains to be seen as an extremely positive influence for all women. From my perspective, she was a hardworking activist with her own personal views and opinions despite her ailments. Keller is a true role model for all women – especially those with their own diseases or disabilities. Feminists of all ages could look to the path Keller made for them in the world of women suffrage and equality. One of the things I found to be the most astounding about Helen Keller was how many organizations she had a hand in founding. To start, her own organization, Helen†¦show more content†¦Keller is accredited with helping to pave the road for womans right to vote, and the right to use birth control. She was also one of the main supporters of turning America toward socialism and equality, and was a strong supporter of pacifism. Keller actually protested against World War I in favor of the pacifist route, as she concluded that the war was only to benefit JP Morgan, as he had loaned so much money to the British overtime. Her views were that of peace and education, and she wished to aid Americas continuing wish of security, freedom, and prosperity. Keller was one of the best spokeswoman of the 20th century time period, and she was one of the few who suffered an ailment such as her own. Thankfully, Kellers efforts did not go unnoticed. I believe that Keller would be extremely proud of the leaps this country has made to overcome womans suffrage. Officially, the Nineteenth Amendment, which condoned the right to vote regardless of what gender the citizen is, was passed o the 26th of August in 1920. (ourdocuments.gov) In addition to woman rights finally being recognized, women have gained at least some recognition in equality today (though they are not paid the same amount as men in most fields of employment.) The world has also made bounds foreword in the field of disabilities. Across the country, schools focusing on the same kind of disabilitiesShow MoreRelatedHelen Keller: A True Hero Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesAll the world is full of suffering. It is also full of overcoming said Helen Keller, a woman who faced many obstacles in her life (Fun). Most people dont dedicate their lives to help others, especially if they have disabilities themselves, but Helen Keller is a different story. At 19 months old, Helen Keller was diagnosed with a disease that led her to be deaf and blind. 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